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Resumen
Brasil enfrenta graves desafíos de cambio climático en el campo y las ciudades, exacerbados por la deforestación y la agricultura. Si bien ha desarrollado políticas climáticas a nivel federal y local, su implementación efectiva ha sido limitada, especialmente durante el gobierno de Bolsonaro. Este artículo destaca la necesidad de una respuesta multiactor y multinivel, donde las ciudades juegan un papel crucial. Se enfatiza la importancia de descarbonizar la economía, promover la sostenibilidad ambiental y la equidad social como pilares de una "Nueva Democracia" para Brasil. La cooperación internacional por intercambios científicos así como la colaboración en acuerdos Internacionales, especialmente con China, se presenta como una oportunidad estratégica para avanzar en el desarrollo y la transferencia de tecnologías limpias. Así se pueden deseñar políticas públicas más ambiciosas en la conservación ambiental y la transición a la sostenibilidad. La emergencia climática se reconoce como una crisis sistémica que requiere soluciones integrales y transversales, abordando también las desigualdades estructurales y garantizando la dignidad humana.
ABSTRACT
Brazil grapples with significant climate change challenges in the countryside and in cities, driven by deforestation and agricultural intensification. While climate policies have been established at federal and local levels, their effective implementation has been hindered, particularly during the Bolsonaro administration. This article emphasizes the necessity of a multi-actor and multi-level approach, with cities playing a vital role. It underscores the importance of decarbonizing the economy, promoting environmental sustainability, and social equity as cornerstones of a "New Democracy" for Brazil. International cooperation through scientific exchange as well as collaboration within internacional agreements, especially with China, is presented as a strategic opportunity to advance the development and transfer of clean technologies. This way, more ambitious public policies in environmental conservation and sustainability transition can be designed. The climate emergency is recognized as a systemic crisis demanding comprehensive and cross-cutting solutions, also addressing structural inequalities and ensuring human dignity.
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