Resumen
This paper examines China’s Party diplomacy and its practice in Latin America. As part of China’s overall diplomatic strategy, the CPC’s diplomacy in the region aims to fulfill multiple tasks. Using publicly available documentation, this paper creates a dataset covering exchanges between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Latin America to analyze the CPC’s network-building in the region since 2013. The results show that to achieve China’s strategic goals, the CPC’s contacts in Latin America are characterized by diversification and openness. Daily interactions and knowledge exchanges are the main content of the CPC’s interactions with its contacts. Additionally, global, regional, and bilateral exchange mechanisms, especially the cooperation mechanism between the CPC and Latin American leftists, have been established. Although the party-based approach to Sino-Latin American relations faces challenges from political volatility, ideological differences, regional fragmentation, and external intervention, China’s party diplomacy in the region still has great opportunities for development. Inter-party exchanges not only help us understand the development of Sino-Latin American relations but also provide an important perspective for studying cooperation among Third World countries.
Palabras clave
Citas
(Cui, 2019) Cui, S.(崔守军). 2019. The Characteristics, Drivers and Challenges of the Transitional Relation of China and Latin America (中国和拉美关系转型的特征、动因与挑战), Journal of Renmin University of China (中国人民大学学报) 33 (1): 95-103.
(Cheng, 2007) Cheng, Y. 2007. Sino-Cuban relations during the early years of the Castro regime, 1959–1966. Journal of Cold War Studies 9 (3): 78–114.
(Cardenal, 2021) Cardenal, J. P. 2021. El arte de hacer amigos. Los riesgos de cooperar con el Partido Comunista chino. El mundo poscovid-19: ¿cambio de paradigma?, 93. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria-Villarreal-Villamar/publication/357128063_El_mundo_poscovid-19_cambio_de_paradigma/links/61bcb7764b318a6970eac736/El-mundo-poscovid-19-cambio-de-paradigma.pdf#page=93.
(Hackenesch & Bader, 2020) Hackenesch, C. and J. Bader. 2020. The Struggle for Minds and Influence: The Chinese Communist Party’s Global Outreach. International Studies Quarterly (64): 723-733.
(Huang, 1996) Huang, W. 1996. The current situation and prospects of the relationship between the Communist Party of China and Latin American political parties (中国共产党与拉美政党关系的现状与前景). Journal of Latin American Studies (拉丁美洲研究) 3: 49-53.
(IDCPC, 2020) International Department, Central Committee of CPC. 2020. The ruling parties of China and Panama held an online training course for cadres. August 25. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/bzhd/wshd/202008/t20200825_139590.html.
(Jin, 2022) Jin, X. 2022. Party Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era: Opportunities, Challenges and Tasks (新时代中国特色政党外交:机遇、挑战与任务). Exploration and Free Views (探索与争鸣) 1: 5-8.
(Li, 2016) Li, T. 2016. The exchanges and overall cooperation between political parties are setting sail – the Sidelights of the ‘1st Meeting of China-CELAC Political Parties Forum’ (政党交往风帆鼓,整体合作破浪行). Contemporary World (当代世界) 1: 33-35.
(Li, 1998) Li, W. 1998. Establishing cross-century diplomatic awareness—Interview with the new Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan (树立跨世纪外交意识:访新任外交部长唐家璇). People’s Daily (人民日报). 10-18.
(Mainwaring, Gervasoni, and España-Najera 2016) Mainwaring, S.; C. Gervasoni. and A. España-Najera. 2016. Extra-and Within-system Electoral Volatility. Party Politics 23 (6): 623-635.
(Mao & Yang, 2019) Mao, X. and J. Yang. 2019. Cuban Socialism Studies. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (CHINA).
(Myers, 2020) Myers, M. 2020. Going Local: An Assessment of China’s Administrative-Level Activity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Research Publications. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/jgi_research/35.
(Nanfang Metropolis Daily, 2020) Nanfang Metropolis Daily. 2020. ‘The nature of a political party can best be seen in times of crisis.’ The IDCPC held a video conference with the Communist Parties of Latin America. June 10. https://www.163.com/dy/article/FEPI4H7D05129QAF.html.
(Roberts & Wibbels, 1999) Roberts, K. M., and E. Wibbels. 1999. Party Systems and Electoral Volatility in Latin America: A Test of Economic, Institutional and Structural Explanations. American Political Science Review 93 (3): 575-590.
(Schiavoni, 2016) Schiavoni, H. 2016. China, brújula para nuestro desarrollo. Clarín. August 30.
(Shi, 2011) Shi, X. 2011. Diplomacy of Chinese Communist Party: theory, practice and experience. Doctoral diss., Shandong University.
(Xu, 2020) Xu, S. 2020. The Development of Relations Between the Communist Party of China and the Communist Parties of Latin America (中国共产党与拉美共产党关系曲折发展). Journal of Latin American Studies (拉丁美洲研究). 42 (1): 55-66.
(Xie, 2018) Xie, W. 2018. Review on Sino-Latin American Relations during the 40 Years since the Reform and Opening-up of China (改革开放40年中拉关系回顾与思考). Journal of Latin American Studies (拉丁美洲研究). 40 (1): 11-35.
(Yu, 2017) Yu, H. 2017. Party-to-Party Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (CHINA), p.187.
(Yu, 2013) Yu, K. 2013. The Historical Development and Basic Characteristics of Contemporary China’s Political Party Diplomacy Toward Non-Diplomatic Countries in Latin America (论当代中国对拉美非建交国政党外交的历史发展和基本特征). Contemporary World and Socialism (当代世界与社会主义). (6): 115-121.
(Wen, 2021) Wen, Y. 2021. Branding and Legitimation: China’s Party Diplomacy amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. China Review. 21 (1): 55-90.
(Yan, 2019) Yan, D. 2019. Xi Jingpin’s Thought on Diplomacy and Construction of Chinese IR Theories (习近平外交思想与中国特色国际关系理论构建). Northeast Asia Forum (东北亚论坛). 28 (1): 3-20.
(Zhang & Ryan, 2021) Zhang, L. and R. Berg. 2021. An Overlooked Source of Chinese Influence in Latin America. China Brief. 21 (3).
(Zhang, 2011) Zhang, L. 2011. Research on the Party Diplomacy of the Communist Party of China under the Perspective of Social Identity Theory. Doctoral diss., Fudan University.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2024 Ibero-América Studies